Sacred Muslim month of Ramadan starts

RIYADH, Saudi Arabia – The world’s nearly 1.5 billion Muslims on Saturday, May 26, began Ramadan, the holy month of dawn-to-dusk fasting and prayers.

It is sacred to Muslims because tradition says the Koran was revealed to the Prophet Mohammed during that month. (READ: Stories of Ramadan)

Here are 4 questions and answers about Ramadan:

What is Ramadan?

Ramadan is one of the 5 pillars of Islam. The others are the profession of faith, “there is no true God but Allah and Mohammed is his messenger”; the obligation to pray five times a day; charity; and the pilgrimage to Mecca. (READ: 5 facts about Ramadan)

How does it take place?

It lasts 29 or 30 days. During that time, believers abstain from eating, drinking – even of water – smoking, and sexual relations between sunrise and sunset.

The fast is conceived as a spiritual struggle against the seduction of earthly pleasures. (READ: When Ramadan ends and charity begins)

But for the evening “break-fast”, known as “iftar”, festive meals traditionally bring families together and there is intense social activity.

The Eid al-Fitr festival marks the end of Ramadan.

Who is involved?

Fasting is required of all believers who have passed the age of puberty, but it is recommended that children be progressively exposed to the practice.

Pregnant or nursing women, the sick, travelers, and fighters have the right not to fast, although they have a duty to carry it out as soon as they are able to. (READ: 7 tips for travel during Ramadan)

Ramadan risks being particularly hard during much of the Muslim world at this time of year when daytime temperatures are high, above 40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit) in parts of the Middle East.

How is date of Ramadan determined?

Ramadan corresponds to the ninth month of the Hijri calendar to which Muslims refer for their religious festivals.

It relies on the cycle of the moon. (READ: Ramadan and the beautiful spaces we negotiate)

This calendar has 11 days less than the solar calendar, meaning that the start and end dates of Ramadan vary each year.

The first day is determined by the sighting of the crescent moon, the first quarter of a new moon.

It must be visible to the naked eye and recorded. Scholars meet to determine the exact timing, which varies around the globe.(READ: Ramadan: We carry what we cannot let go)

Religious authorities in Saudi Arabia, home of Islam’s two holiest sites at Mecca and Medina, on Thursday, May 24, determined that Ramadan would start on Saturday.– Rappler.com