China’s economic recovery speeds up, global headwinds point to bumpy outlook

BEIJING, China – China’s economy grew at a faster-than-expected pace in the first quarter, as the end of strict COVID curbs lifted businesses and consumers out of crippling pandemic disruptions, although headwinds from a global slowdown point to a bumpy ride ahead.

Gross domestic product grew 4.5% year-on-year in the first three months of 2023, data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed on Tuesday, April 18, faster than the 2.9% in the previous quarter and beating analyst forecasts for a 4% expansion.

Investors have been closely watching first quarter data for clues on the strength of the recovery after Beijing lifted COVID curbs in December and eased a three-year crackdown on tech firms and property.

Investors have been closely watching first quarter data for clues on the strength of the recovery after Beijing lifted COVID curbs in December and eased a three-year crackdown on tech firms and property. GDP growth last year slumped to one of its worst in nearly half a century due to COVID curbs.

“Economic recovery is well on track. The bright spot is consumption, which is strengthening as household confidence improves,” said Zhiwei Zhang, chief economist at Pinpoint Asset Management. “The strong export growth in March also likely helped to boost GDP growth in Q1.”

Chinese policymakers have pledged to step up support for the $18 trillion economy to keep a lid on unemployment, but they face limited room to maneuver as businesses grapple with debt risks, structural woes and global recession worries.

China’s rebound has so far remained uneven as its investment-fueled growth of the past to one now reliant on consumption faces challenges.

Consumption, services and infrastructure spending have perked up but factory output has lagged in the face of weak global growth, while slowing prices and surging bank savings are raising doubts about demand.

China’s exports unexpectedly surged in March, data showed this week, but analysts cautioned the improvement partly reflects suppliers catching up with unfulfilled orders after last year’s COVID-19 disruptions.

“On net, that’s a decent set of figures out from China in Q1, which keeps them on track for their growth target of around 5% this year,” said Matt Simpson, senior market analyst at City Index.

On a quarter-on-quarter basis, GDP grew 2.2% in January to March, in line with analyst expectations and up from a revised 0.6% rise in the previous quarter.

Asia’s shares pared losses on Tuesday after the data, with Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index down 0.4% in early trade while China’s bluechip CSI300 Index gaining 0.3%.

Policy support

The nation’s central bank said last week it will maintain ample liquidity, stabilize growth and jobs and focus on expanding demand.

On Monday, the central bank extended liquidity support to banks through its medium-term lending facility but kept the rate on such loans unchanged, an indication authorities are not overly concerned about the immediate growth outlook.

That followed a cut in lenders’ reserve requirements for in March.

The government, which has refrained from taking big steps to spur consumption, is still relying heavily on infrastructure spending to spur investment and economic growth.

The government has lifted its annual budget deficit target to 3% of GDP this year and allowed local governments to issue more special bonds to fund big-ticket projects.

“In short, with this GDP report, we believe there is no immediate need for the government to put massive stimulus into the economy,” Iris Pang, chief Greater China economist at ING, said in a note.

Modest growth target

Analysts polled by Reuters expect China’s growth in 2023 to speed up to 5.4%, from 3.0% last year.

The government has set a modest target for economic growth of around 5% for this year, after badly missing the 2022 goal.

Separate data on March activity also released on Tuesday showed retail sales growth quickened to 10.6%, beating expectations and hitting a near two-year high, while factory output growth also sped up but was just below expectations.

The sharp rebound in consumption was helped by a statistical year-ago low base of comparison as consumers bore the brunt of COVID curbs in early 2022

China’s infrastructure investment rose 8.8% in January-March from a year earlier – outpacing a 5.1 rise in overall fixed-asset investment, while property investment fell 5.8%. – Rappler.com

($1 = 6.8761 Chinese yuan)