WTO hails ‘historic’ trade agreement

Agence France-Presse

This is AI generated summarization, which may have errors. For context, always refer to the full article.

(UPDATED) Simplification of customs procedures, pledges to limit agricultural subsidies and aid for least-developed countries are part of the new agreement

MILESTONE AGREEMENT. Indonesia's Trade Minister Gita Wirjawan (right) shakes hands with World Trade Organization (WTO) Director General Roberto Azevedo after the final agreement before the closing ceremony of the WTO conference in Nusa Dua, Indonesia. Photo from Agence France-Presse/Sonny Tumbelaka

NUSA DUA, Indonesia (UPDATED) – Commerce ministers capped days of hard negotiations Saturday, December 7, by approving a World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement on international commerce they hailed as a “historic” boost for the trade body.

The agreement still falls far short of the World Trade Organization’s lofty but elusive vision of tearing down global trade barriers through its frustrating, 12-year-old Doha Round of talks.

But the accord reached on the Indonesian resort island of Bali nevertheless marks the first global agreement struck by the Geneva-based body since its 1995 founding.

“For the first time in our history, the WTO has truly delivered,” an exhausted but relieved WTO director-general Roberto Azevedo told a closing ceremony.

“We have put the ‘World’ back into the World Trade Organization,” he told delegates.

However, others took a less optimistic view of the agreement.

Oxfam said the deal was vaguely worded and would do little for the worlds poor despite the WTO’s claim that it will boost trade for the benefit of all, especially developing countries.

“It is all ‘best endeavor’ language, which is the trade negotiators equivalent of crossing fingers behind your back,” Oxfam said in a statement.

The pact includes commitments to facilitate trade by simplifying customs procedures. The meeting also formally accepted Yemen as the group’s 160th member, pending ratification by the Gulf nation’s parliament.

The Washington-based Peterson Institute for International Economics estimated in a report this year that the customs measures could create $1 trillion in economic activity and 21 million jobs if properly implemented.

The report did not detail how those figures were calculated.

WTO officials have conceded however that uncertainty surrounded how effectively the measures would be implemented, especially in underdeveloped nations.

Analysts said the hard-fought nature of the talks indicated how difficult it could be for the body to make real progress on the Doha Round, launched in Qatar in 2001.

Failure in Bali “would have dealt a massive blow to the institution’s prestige,” said Simon Evenett, an international trade expert at Switzerland’s St. Gallen University.

“But Bali revealed much about how difficult are negotiations between the large trading nations on big-ticket commercial items and there is no sign they are going to get any easier.”

Four days of haggling

The agreement was reached after more than four days of haggling in Bali that stretched past the conference’s scheduled Friday close and overnight.

Indonesia’s conference chair Trade Minister Gita Wirjawan called the accord “historic”.

Britain’s Prime Minister David Cameron said the deal would “provide a lifeline to the world’s poorest people” by slashing barriers to trade.

Azevedo said it had important symbolic value for Doha.

“The decisions we have taken here are an important stepping-stone toward the completion of the Doha Round,” he said, adding the WTO would soon get to work on a “road map” for reviving Doha.

The Doha Round aims to remove hurdles to commerce and establish a globally binding framework of trade rules fair to both rich and poor countries.

But protectionist disputes among the WTO’s members have foiled agreement.

Azevedo has expressed concern over the rise of alternative regional trading pacts that he fears could render the WTO obsolete if it did not start clinching major worldwide agreements.

The Bali negotiations teetered repeatedly on the brink of collapse due to various differences.

India – which aims to stockpile and subsidize grain for its millions of poor – had demanded that such measures be granted indefinite exemption from WTO challenge.

The United States, which implements large farm supports of its own, and others had said India’s grain policy could violate WTO limits on subsidies.

A later hurdle emerged as four Latin American countries objected to the removal in the accord’s text of a reference to the US embargo on Cuba.

Compromise wording smoothed over those hurdles.

Indian trade groups welcomed the deal with the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, saying the agreement protected India and other developing nations’ “legitimate concerns on food security”.

The agreement will come as a major personal victory for the Brazilian Azevedo, who took over the organisation’s helm in September and injected a sense of urgency into the talks.

“With this landmark accord on trade facilitation and other issues, the WTO has re-established its credibility as an indispensable forum for trade negotiations,” the US Chamber of Commerce said in a statement released in Washington.

The package also included pledges to limit agricultural subsidies, and policies to aid least-developed countries.

As the Doha Round has faltered, alternative regional pacts have emerged between major trading nations, such as the 12-country Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) spearheaded by Washington.

TPP negotiators hold their latest meeting in Singapore starting Saturday as they work to hammer out the outlines of that trade alliance.

Azevedo has said such alliances could have “tragic” consequences on poor nations by denying them a place at the trade-rules table. – Rappler.com

Add a comment

Sort by

There are no comments yet. Add your comment to start the conversation.

Summarize this article with AI

How does this make you feel?

Loading
Download the Rappler App!